@font-face{font-family:Jost Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/_astro/jost-cyrillic-wght-normal.CjwCQKo9.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+301,U+400-45F,U+490-491,U+4B0-4B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:Jost Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/_astro/jost-latin-ext-wght-normal.BDUtSsKd.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+100-2BA,U+2BD-2C5,U+2C7-2CC,U+2CE-2D7,U+2DD-2FF,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:Jost Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/_astro/jost-latin-wght-normal.ObQm3Zd1.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+??,U+131,U+152-153,U+2BB-2BC,U+2C6,U+2DA,U+2DC,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:Jost Variable;font-style:italic;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/_astro/jost-cyrillic-wght-italic.BC0WGFb7.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+301,U+400-45F,U+490-491,U+4B0-4B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:Jost Variable;font-style:italic;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/_astro/jost-latin-ext-wght-italic.DU2jD5Pk.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+100-2BA,U+2BD-2C5,U+2C7-2CC,U+2CE-2D7,U+2DD-2FF,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:Jost Variable;font-style:italic;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/_astro/jost-latin-wght-italic.b6W-FdEu.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+??,U+131,U+152-153,U+2BB-2BC,U+2C6,U+2DA,U+2DC,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}:root{--page:#faf8f4;--paper:#fff;--ink:#1c1a17;--ink-2:#4f4942;--line:#e4ded4;--line-strong:#cdc4b6;--link:#6b4c1f;--brown:#8a6a3c;--note:#fbf3dc;--note-edge:#c9a24a;--sans:"Jost Variable", Futura, "Century Gothic", "Avenir Next", system-ui, sans-serif;--wrap:1240px;color-scheme:light}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{background:var(--page);color:var(--ink);font:400 17px/1.55 var(--sans);font-feature-settings:"ss01" 0;margin:0}h1,h2,h3,h4,p,ul,ol,blockquote,figure{margin:0}img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block}a{color:var(--link);text-underline-offset:3px;text-decoration-thickness:1px}a:hover{text-decoration-thickness:2px}button{font:inherit;color:inherit}:where(a,button,summary,[tabindex]):focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--ink);outline-offset:3px;border-radius:4px}[id]{scroll-margin-top:76px}.entry:focus{outline:none}.entry:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--ink);outline-offset:6px}.wrap{width:min(var(--wrap), 100% - 32px);margin:0 auto}@media (width>=760px){.wrap{width:min(var(--wrap), 100% - 48px)}}.sr-only{clip:rect(0 0 0 0);white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;position:absolute;overflow:hidden}.skip{z-index:30;background:var(--ink);color:#fff;border-radius:6px;padding:10px 16px;position:absolute;top:-60px;left:12px}.skip:focus{top:12px}.bar{z-index:10;-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(10px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background:#fffffff0;align-items:center;gap:20px;height:60px;padding:0 16px;display:flex;position:sticky;top:0}@media (width>=760px){.bar{padding:0 24px}}.wordmark{color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:-.01em;white-space:nowrap;margin-right:auto;font-size:19px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}.wordmark span{color:var(--ink-2);font-weight:450}.bar-nav{gap:22px;display:none}.bar-nav a{color:var(--ink-2);font-size:15px;font-weight:500;text-decoration:none}.bar-nav a:hover{color:var(--ink)}@media (width>=900px){.bar-nav{display:flex}}.bar-cta{background:var(--ink);color:#fff;border-radius:999px;flex:none;align-items:center;min-height:40px;padding:0 16px;font-size:15px;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}.bar-cta:hover{background:#3a342d}@media (width<=380px){.wordmark{font-size:17px}}.hero{padding:40px 0 64px}@media (width>=760px){.hero{padding-top:56px}}.hero-head{gap:22px;display:grid}@media (width>=1040px){.hero-head{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);align-items:end;gap:56px}}.hero h1{letter-spacing:-.025em;font-size:clamp(42px,7vw,88px);font-style:italic;font-weight:800;line-height:.95}.hero h1 span{letter-spacing:-.01em;margin-top:.35em;font-size:max(19px,.36em);font-weight:600;line-height:1.2;display:block}.hero-lede{max-width:60ch;color:var(--ink-2);font-size:19px}@media (width>=760px){.hero-lede{font-size:20px}}.hero-ctas{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;margin-top:22px;display:flex}.btn{border:2px solid var(--ink);min-height:52px;color:var(--ink);cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border-radius:999px;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:0 22px;font-size:17px;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}.btn:hover{background:#fff}.btn--main{background:var(--ink);color:#fff}.btn--main:hover{background:#3a342d}.hero-fine{color:var(--ink-2);margin-top:14px;font-size:15px}.hero-chart-wrap{max-width:1488px;margin:40px auto 0;padding:0 24px}.hero-chart{cursor:zoom-in;background:#fff;position:relative;box-shadow:0 1px 2px #1c1a1714,0 12px 40px -12px #1c1a1740}.hero-chart img{-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:100%}.hotspots{position:absolute;inset:0}.hotspot{cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border:0;border-radius:3px;padding:0;position:absolute}.hotspot:hover{box-shadow:0 0 0 2px var(--ink);z-index:2;background:#ffffff14}.hotspot span{background:var(--ink);color:#fff;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;border-radius:4px;padding:5px 9px;font-size:13px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.25;display:none;position:absolute;top:calc(100% + 6px);left:50%;transform:translate(-50%)}.hotspot:hover span{display:block}.hotspot--left span{left:0;transform:none}.hotspot--right span{left:auto;right:0;transform:none}.hero-hint{text-align:center;color:var(--ink-2);margin-top:12px;font-size:14px}.hint-narrow{display:none}@media (width<=759px){.hero-chart-wrap{overscroll-behavior-x:contain;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;scrollbar-width:thin;padding:0;overflow-x:auto}.hero-chart{width:1150px;margin:0 16px 6px}.hero-hint{padding:0 16px}.hint-wide{display:none}.hint-narrow{display:inline}}.how{gap:20px 32px;margin:48px 0 0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid}@media (width>=640px){.how{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}}@media (width>=1060px){.how{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr)}}.how li{border-top:2px solid var(--ink);padding-top:14px}.how h2{font-size:17px;font-weight:650}.how p{color:var(--ink-2);margin-top:4px;font-size:15.5px}.section-title{letter-spacing:-.02em;font-size:clamp(30px,4.6vw,48px);font-weight:750;line-height:1.02}.section-lede{max-width:64ch;color:var(--ink-2);margin-top:14px;font-size:18px}.timeline{background:var(--paper);border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:72px 0 0}.era-nav{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:26px;display:flex}.era-nav a{background:var(--page);border:1px solid var(--line);min-height:40px;color:var(--ink);border-radius:999px;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:0 14px 0 10px;font-size:15px;font-weight:500;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}.era-nav a:before{content:"";background:var(--c);border-radius:3px;width:12px;height:12px}.era-nav a b{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;font-weight:650}.era-nav a:hover{border-color:var(--line-strong)}.era{padding:64px 0 72px}.timeline .era+.era,.timeline .era:first-of-type{border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.timeline .era:first-of-type{margin-top:56px}.era-grid{gap:28px;display:grid}@media (width>=960px){.era-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,5fr) minmax(0,6fr);grid-template-areas:"head head""fig list";gap:32px 56px}.era-head{grid-area:head}.era-fig{grid-area:fig}.entries{grid-area:list}.era-fig .crop{position:sticky;top:84px}}.era-band{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:2px 10px;display:flex}.era-band span{background:var(--c);letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink);border-radius:999px;padding:4px 12px 3px;font-size:13px;font-weight:700}.era-band span+span{color:var(--ink-2);background:0 0;padding-left:0}.era-head h2{letter-spacing:-.02em;margin-top:12px;font-size:clamp(28px,4vw,42px);font-weight:750;line-height:1.05}.era-intro{max-width:62ch;color:var(--ink-2);margin-top:10px;font-size:18px}.era-places{letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-2);margin-top:8px;font-size:14px;font-weight:600}.crop{border:1px solid var(--line);cursor:zoom-in;background:#fff;border-radius:4px;width:100%;padding:0;display:block;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.crop img{width:auto;max-width:100%;max-height:calc(100svh - 110px);margin:0 auto}.crop:hover{border-color:var(--line-strong);box-shadow:0 8px 30px -12px #1c1a174d}.crop-tag{background:var(--ink);color:#fff;border-radius:999px;padding:5px 11px;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;position:absolute;bottom:10px;right:10px}@media (width<=959px){.crop img{max-height:72svh}}.crop--wide{margin-top:28px}.crop--wide img{width:100%;max-height:none}.entries{padding:0;list-style:none;position:relative}.timeline .entries{border-left:2px solid var(--line)}.timeline .entry{padding:0 0 30px 24px;position:relative}.timeline .entry:before{content:"";background:var(--c);width:14px;height:14px;box-shadow:0 0 0 3px var(--paper);border-radius:50%;position:absolute;top:5px;left:-8px}.timeline .entry:last-child{padding-bottom:4px}.entry-date{letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-2);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:650}.entry h3{letter-spacing:-.005em;font-size:21px;font-weight:650;line-height:1.2}.entry-date+h3{margin-top:2px}.entry-text{margin-top:6px}.entry-list{columns:2 12em;column-gap:24px;margin-top:8px;padding:0;font-size:15.5px;list-style:none}.entry-list li{break-inside:avoid;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:3px 0}.entry-context{color:var(--ink-2);margin-top:8px;font-size:15.5px}.entry-note{border-left:3px solid var(--note-edge);background:var(--note);border-radius:0 4px 4px 0;margin-top:10px;padding:8px 12px;font-size:15px}.entry-foot{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:flex-start;gap:8px 16px;margin-top:10px;display:flex}.entry-sources{flex:260px;gap:3px;padding:0;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.35;list-style:none;display:grid}.entry-sources a:after,.source-list a:after{content:" ↗";margin-left:2px;font-size:.85em;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block}.see{border:1px solid var(--line-strong);cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border-radius:999px;flex:none;min-height:36px;padding:0 12px;font-size:14px;font-weight:600}.see:hover{background:var(--page);border-color:var(--ink)}.fv{background:var(--page);border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:72px 0 80px}.fv .section-title{margin-top:12px}.fv-grid{gap:16px;margin-top:28px;padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid}@media (width>=700px){.fv-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}}@media (width>=1180px){.fv-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr)}}.fv-card{border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:6px solid var(--c);background:#fff;border-radius:4px;flex-direction:column;padding:18px 18px 16px;display:flex}.fv-card blockquote{border-left:2px solid var(--c);margin-top:12px;padding-left:12px;font-size:15.5px;font-style:italic;line-height:1.5}.fv-card .entry-foot{margin-top:auto;padding-top:14px}.members{background:var(--paper);border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:72px 0}.members-grid{align-items:center;gap:28px;display:grid}@media (width>=960px){.members-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,5fr) minmax(0,6fr);gap:56px}}.members .entry-sources{margin-top:14px}.bars{position:relative}.bars svg{width:100%;height:auto;display:block;overflow:visible}.tick line{stroke:#ebe6dd;stroke-width:1px}.tick:first-child line{stroke:var(--line-strong)}.tick text,.bar-year{fill:var(--ink-2);font-size:12px;font-family:var(--sans);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.bar-mark{fill:var(--brown)}.bar-hit{fill:#0000}.bar.is-on .bar-mark{fill:#5f4521}.bar:focus{outline:none}.bar:focus-visible .bar-mark{stroke:var(--ink);stroke-width:2px}.bar-label{fill:var(--ink);font-size:12px;font-weight:600;font-family:var(--sans);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.bars-tip{background:var(--ink);color:#fff;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;border-radius:4px;padding:5px 10px;font-size:14px;font-weight:500;position:absolute;transform:translate(-50%,-100%)}.bars-table{margin-top:10px;font-size:15px}.bars-table summary{cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-weight:500}.bars-table table{border-collapse:collapse;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;margin-top:8px}.bars-table th,.bars-table td{text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:3px 18px 3px 0}.bars-table td+td{text-align:right}.succession{background:var(--page);border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.succession .section-title{margin-top:12px}.succ-grid{align-items:start;gap:28px;margin-top:28px;display:grid}@media (width>=860px){.succ-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(200px,300px) minmax(0,1fr);gap:40px}.crop--tall{position:sticky;top:84px}}@media (width<=859px){.crop--tall img{max-height:60svh}}.entries--cards{gap:14px;display:grid}@media (width>=1100px){.entries--cards{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}}.entries--cards .entry{border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:6px solid var(--c);background:#fff;border-radius:4px;padding:18px}.sources,.about,.download{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:72px 0}.sources,.download{background:var(--paper)}.two-col{gap:48px;display:grid}@media (width>=960px){.two-col{grid-template-columns:7fr 5fr;gap:72px}}.two-col>div:focus{outline:none}.source-list{gap:12px;margin-top:22px;padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid}.source-list li{gap:1px;display:grid}.source-list a{font-weight:500}.source-list span{color:var(--ink-2);font-size:15px}.sources .see{margin-top:18px}.about-grid{gap:22px;display:grid}.about-grid:focus{outline:none}@media (width>=960px){.about-grid{grid-template-columns:5fr 7fr;gap:56px}}.about-text{gap:14px;max-width:66ch;font-size:18px;display:grid}.about-text p:first-child{font-size:22px;font-weight:600}.dl-grid{gap:14px;margin-top:28px;display:grid}@media (width>=700px){.dl-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;max-width:820px}}.dl{border:2px solid var(--ink);color:var(--ink);background:#fff;border-radius:8px;gap:4px;padding:20px 22px;text-decoration:none;display:grid}.dl:first-child{background:var(--ink);color:#fff}.dl b{font-size:26px;font-weight:750}.dl b:after{content:" ↓";font-weight:500}.dl span{font-size:16px}.dl small{opacity:.8;font-size:14px}.dl:hover{box-shadow:0 10px 30px -14px #1c1a1780}.foot{border-top:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--ink-2);padding:40px 0 56px;font-size:15px}.foot-grid{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px 48px;display:flex}.foot-mark{color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:-.01em;font-size:22px;font-style:italic;font-weight:800}.foot-fine{margin-top:6px}html.ex-open{overflow:hidden}dialog.explorer{width:100%;max-width:none;height:100%;max-height:none;color:var(--ink);background:#e9e4da;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:fixed;inset:0;overflow:hidden}dialog.explorer::backdrop{background:#e9e4da}.ex-viewer{background:#e9e4da;position:absolute;inset:0}.ex-viewer:focus-visible{outline:none}.ex-spot{pointer-events:none;width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;inset:0}.ex-bar{z-index:2;-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(10px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background:#ffffffeb;align-items:center;gap:10px;height:56px;padding:0 8px 0 16px;display:flex;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0}.ex-title{white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis;flex:1;min-width:0;font-size:18px;font-style:italic;font-weight:750;overflow:hidden}.ex-zoom{gap:4px;display:flex}.ex-zoom button,.ex-close{border:1px solid var(--line-strong);cursor:pointer;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;place-items:center;width:42px;height:42px;font-size:22px;line-height:1;display:grid}.ex-zoom button:hover,.ex-close:hover{border-color:var(--ink)}.ex-close{background:0 0;border-color:#0000;width:46px}.ex-panel{z-index:2;overscroll-behavior:contain;max-height:46dvh;padding:16px 16px calc(20px + env(safe-area-inset-bottom));border-top:1px solid var(--line-strong);background:#fff;border-radius:14px 14px 0 0;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;overflow-y:auto;box-shadow:0 -10px 30px -16px #1c1a1759}@media (width>=900px){.ex-panel{border-top:0;border-left:1px solid var(--line-strong);width:400px;max-height:none;box-shadow:none;border-radius:0;padding:24px 24px 32px;top:56px;left:auto}}.ex-empty-lead{font-size:24px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.15}.ex-empty-sub{color:var(--ink-2);margin-top:6px;font-size:15px}.ex-index{gap:6px;margin-top:18px;padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid}.ex-index button{border:1px solid var(--line);text-align:left;cursor:pointer;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;align-items:center;gap:10px;width:100%;min-height:42px;padding:0 12px;font-size:15px;display:flex}.ex-index button:before{content:"";background:var(--c);border-radius:3px;flex:none;width:12px;height:12px}.ex-index button b{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;font-weight:650}.ex-index button:hover{border-color:var(--ink)}@media (width<=899px){.ex-panel:has(.ex-card[hidden]){max-height:34dvh}.ex-empty-lead{font-size:20px}}.ex-era{background:var(--c);letter-spacing:.07em;text-transform:uppercase;border-radius:999px;padding:3px 10px 2px;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;display:inline-block}.ex-date{letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-2);margin-top:12px;font-size:14px;font-weight:650}.ex-name{margin-top:2px;font-size:26px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.1}.ex-date+.ex-name{margin-top:2px}.ex-era+.ex-name{margin-top:12px}.ex-text{margin-top:10px;font-size:16.5px}.ex-list{columns:2 10em;column-gap:18px;margin-top:10px;padding:0;font-size:14.5px;list-style:none}.ex-list li{break-inside:avoid;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:2px 0}.ex-context{color:var(--ink-2);margin-top:10px;font-size:15px}.ex-note{border-left:3px solid var(--note-edge);background:var(--note);margin-top:10px;padding:8px 12px;font-size:14.5px}.ex-sub{letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-2);margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:13px;font-weight:700}.ex-sources{gap:6px;padding:0;font-size:15px;line-height:1.35;list-style:none;display:grid}.ex-sources a:after{content:" ↗";font-size:.85em}.ex-actions{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:18px;display:flex}.ex-act{border:1px solid var(--ink);min-height:40px;color:var(--ink);border-radius:999px;align-items:center;padding:0 14px;font-size:15px;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}.ex-act:hover{background:var(--page)}.ex-step{border-top:1px solid var(--line);justify-content:space-between;gap:8px;margin-top:20px;padding-top:10px;display:flex}.ex-step button{cursor:pointer;min-height:42px;color:var(--ink-2);background:0 0;border:0;padding:0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:600}.ex-step button:hover{color:var(--ink)}.ex-loading{color:var(--ink-2);pointer-events:none;font-size:20px;font-weight:600;position:absolute;top:45%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%)}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*,:before,:after{transition:none!important;animation:none!important}}